![\"ESP32](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ESP32-ESP8266-NodeMCU-Control-Outputs-LED-Telegram-Arduino.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nProject Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
In this tutorial we\u2019ll build a simple project that allows you to control ESP32 or ESP8266 NodeMCU GPIOs using Telegram. You can also control a relay module<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n This is a simple project, but shows how you can use Telegram in your IoT and Home Automation projects. The idea is to apply the concepts learned in your own projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Telegram<\/a> Messenger is a cloud-based instant messaging and voice over IP service. You can easily install it in your smartphone (Android and iPhone) or computer (PC, Mac and Linux). It is free and without any ads. Telegram allows you to create bots that you can interact with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Bots are third-party applications that run inside Telegram. Users can interact with bots by sending them messages, commands and inline requests. You control your bots using HTTPS requests to Telegram Bot API<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The ESP32\/ESP8266 will interact with the Telegram bot to receive and handle the messages, and send responses. In this tutorial you’ll learn how to use Telegram to send messages to your bot to control the ESP outputs from anywhere (you just need Telegram and access to the internet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Go to Google Play or App Store, download and install Telegram<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n Open Telegram and follow the next steps to create a Telegram Bot. First, search for \u201cbotfather<\/strong>\u201d and click the BotFather as shown below. Or open this link t.me\/botfather<\/a> in your smartphone.<\/p>\n\n\n The following window should open and you\u2019ll be prompted to click the start<\/strong> button.<\/p>\n\n\n Type \/newbot<\/strong> and follow the instructions to create your bot. Give it a name and username.<\/p>\n\n\n If your bot is successfully created, you\u2019ll receive a message with a link to access the bot and the bot token<\/strong>. Save the bot token because you\u2019ll need it so that the ESP32\/ESP8266 can interact with the bot.<\/p>\n\n\n Anyone that knows your bot username can interact with it. To make sure that we ignore messages that are not from our Telegram account (or any authorized users), you can get your Telegram User ID. Then, when your telegram bot receives a message, the ESP can check whether the sender ID corresponds to your User ID and handle the message or ignore it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In your Telegram account, search for “IDBot” or open this link t.me\/myidbot<\/a> in your smartphone.<\/p>\n\n\n Start a conversation with that bot and type \/getid<\/strong>. You will get a reply back with your user ID. Save that user ID<\/strong>, because you\u2019ll need it later in this tutorial.<\/p>\n\n\n We\u2019ll program the ESP32<\/a> and ESP8266<\/a> boards using Arduino IDE, so make sure you have them installed in your Arduino IDE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To interact with the Telegram bot, we’ll use the Universal Telegram Bot Library<\/a> created by Brian Lough that provides an easy interface for the Telegram Bot API.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Follow the next steps to install the latest release of the library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n And that’s it. The library is installed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Important: <\/strong> don’t install the library through the Arduino Library Manager because it might install a deprecated version.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For all the details about the library, take a look at the Universal Arduino Telegram Bot Library GitHub<\/a> page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n You also have to install the ArduinoJson<\/a> library. Follow the next steps to install the library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We’re using ArduinoJson library version 6.15.2.<\/p>\n\n\n For this example we\u2019ll control the ESP on-board LEDs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The following code allows you to control your ESP32 or ESP8266 NodeMCU GPIOs by sending messages to a Telegram Bot. To make it work for you, you need to insert your network credentials (SSID and password), the Telegram Bot Token and your Telegram User ID.<\/p>\n\n\n View raw code<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n The code is compatible with ESP32 and ESP8266 NodeMCU boards (it’s based on the Universal Arduino Telegram Bot library example<\/a>). The code will load the right libraries accordingly to the selected board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This sections explain how the code works. Continue reading or skip to the Demonstration<\/a> section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Start by importing the required libraries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Insert your network credentials in the following variables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Set the GPIO you want to control. In our case, we’ll control GPIO 2 (built-in LED) and its state is LOW<\/span> by default.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Note: <\/strong> if you’re using an ESP8266, the built-in LED works with inverted logic. So, you should send a LOW<\/span> signal to turn the LED on and a HIGH<\/span> signal to turn it off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Insert your Telegram Bot token you’ve got from Botfather on the BOTtoken<\/span> variable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Insert your chat ID. The one you’ve got from the IDBot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Create a new WiFi client with WiFiClientSecure<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Create a bot<\/span> with the token and client defined earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The botRequestDelay<\/span> and lastTimeBotRan<\/span> are used to check for new Telegram messages every x number of seconds. In this case, the code will check for new messages every second (1000 milliseconds). You can change that delay time in the botRequestDelay<\/span> variable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The handleNewMessages()<\/span> function handles what happens when new messages arrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It checks the available messages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Get the chat ID for that particular message and store it in the chat_id<\/span> variable. The chat ID allows us to identify who sent the message. <\/p>\n\n\n\n If the chat_id<\/span> is different from your chat ID (CHAT_ID<\/span>), it means that someone (that is not you) has sent a message to your bot. If that’s the case, ignore the message and wait for the next message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Otherwise, it means that the message was sent from a valid user, so we’ll save it in the text<\/span> variable and check its content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The from_name<\/span> variable saves the name of the sender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If it receives the \/start<\/strong> message, we’ll send the valid commands to control the ESP32\/ESP8266. This is useful if you happen to forget what are the commands to control your board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sending a message to the bot is very simply. You just need to use the sendMessage()<\/span> method on the bot<\/span> object and pass as arguments the recipient’s chat ID, the message, and the parse mode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In our particular example, we’ll send the message to the ID stored on the chat_id<\/span> variable (that corresponds to the person who’ve sent the message) and send the message saved on the welcome<\/span> variable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n If it receives the \/led_on<\/strong> message, turn the LED on and send a message confirming we’ve received the message. Also, update the ledState<\/span> variable with the new state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do something similar for the \/led_off<\/strong> message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Note: <\/strong> if you’re using an ESP8266, the built-in LED works with inverted logic. So, you should send a LOW<\/span> signal to turn the LED on and a HIGH<\/span> signal to turn it off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Finally, if the received message is \/state,<\/strong> check the current GPIO state and send a message accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the setup()<\/span>, initialize the Serial Monitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If you’re using the ESP8266, you need to use the following line:<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the library examples for the ESP8266 they say: “This is the simplest way of getting this working. If you are passing sensitive information, or controlling something important, please either use certStore or at least client.setFingerPrint<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We have a tutorial showing how to make HTTPS requests with the ESP8266: ESP8266 NodeMCU HTTPS Requests (Arduino IDE)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Set the LED as an output and set it to LOW when the ESP first starts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Initialize Wi-Fi and connect the ESP to your local network with the SSID and password defined earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the loop()<\/span>, check for new messages every second.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When a new message arrives, call the handleNewMessages<\/span> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n That’s pretty much how the code works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Upload the code to your ESP32 or ESP8266 board. Don’t forget to go to Tools <\/strong>> Board <\/strong>and select the board you’re using. Go to Tools <\/strong>> Port <\/strong>and select the COM port your board is connected to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After uploading the code, press the ESP32\/ESP8266 on-board EN\/RST button so that it starts running the code. Then, you can open the Serial Monitor to check what’s happening in the background.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Go to your Telegram account and open a conversation with your bot. Send the following commands and see the bot responding:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The on-board LED should turn on and turn off accordingly (the ESP8266 on-board LED works in reverse, it’s off when you send \/led_on<\/strong> and on when you send \/led_off<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n At the same time, on the Serial Monitor you should see that the ESP is receiving the messages.<\/p>\n\n\n If you try to interact with your bot from another account, you’ll get the the “Unauthorized user<\/strong>” message.<\/p>\n\n\n In this tutorial you’ve learned how to create a Telegram Bot to interact with the ESP32 or ESP8266. With this bot, you can use your Telegram account to send messages to the ESP and control its outputs. The ESP can also interact with the bot to send responses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We’ve shown you a simple example on how to control an output. The idea is to modify the project to add more commands to execute other tasks. For example, you can request sensor readings<\/a> or send a message when motion is detected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The great thing about using Telegram to control your ESP boards, is that as long as you have an internet connection (and your boards too), you can control and monitor them from anywhere in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We hope you’ve found this project interesting. Learn more about the ESP32 and ESP8266 with our resources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thanks for reading.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" This guide shows how to control the ESP32 or ESP8266 NodeMCU GPIOs from anywhere in the world using Telegram. As an example, we\u2019ll control an LED, but you can control … <\/p>\n![\"ESP32](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ESP32-ESP8266-NodeMCU-Telegram-Control-Outputs-Overview.png?resize=856%2C580&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Introducing Telegram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Creating a Telegram Bot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Install](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Install-Telegram.png?resize=354%2C269&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"botfather\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Telegram-Botfather.png?resize=362%2C198&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"Telegram](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/start-bot-father-telegram.png?resize=352%2C708&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"Telegram](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Create-bot-Telegram-Botfather_f.png?resize=354%2C396&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"Telegram](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Bot-Token-Telegram-Bot-Father.png?resize=356%2C537&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nGet Your Telegram User ID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Telegram](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Telegram-ID-Bot.png?resize=348%2C173&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"Telegram](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Telegram-Get-Chat-ID.png?resize=354%2C500&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nPreparing Arduino IDE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Universal Telegram Bot Library<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
ArduinoJson Library<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Install-ArduinoJson-Library.png?resize=786%2C443&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nParts Required<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Control Outputs using Telegram – ESP32\/ESP8266 Sketch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/*\n Rui Santos\n Complete project details at https:\/\/RandomNerdTutorials.com\/telegram-control-esp32-esp8266-nodemcu-outputs\/\n \n Project created using Brian Lough's Universal Telegram Bot Library: https:\/\/github.com\/witnessmenow\/Universal-Arduino-Telegram-Bot\n Example based on the Universal Arduino Telegram Bot Library: https:\/\/github.com\/witnessmenow\/Universal-Arduino-Telegram-Bot\/blob\/master\/examples\/ESP8266\/FlashLED\/FlashLED.ino\n*\/\n\n#ifdef ESP32\n #include <WiFi.h>\n#else\n #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>\n#endif\n#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>\n#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h> \/\/ Universal Telegram Bot Library written by Brian Lough: https:\/\/github.com\/witnessmenow\/Universal-Arduino-Telegram-Bot\n#include <ArduinoJson.h>\n\n\/\/ Replace with your network credentials\nconst char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";\nconst char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";\n\n\/\/ Initialize Telegram BOT\n#define BOTtoken "XXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" \/\/ your Bot Token (Get from Botfather)\n\n\/\/ Use @myidbot to find out the chat ID of an individual or a group\n\/\/ Also note that you need to click "start" on a bot before it can\n\/\/ message you\n#define CHAT_ID "XXXXXXXXXX"\n\n#ifdef ESP8266\n X509List cert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT);\n#endif\n\nWiFiClientSecure client;\nUniversalTelegramBot bot(BOTtoken, client);\n\n\/\/ Checks for new messages every 1 second.\nint botRequestDelay = 1000;\nunsigned long lastTimeBotRan;\n\nconst int ledPin = 2;\nbool ledState = LOW;\n\n\/\/ Handle what happens when you receive new messages\nvoid handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages) {\n Serial.println("handleNewMessages");\n Serial.println(String(numNewMessages));\n\n for (int i=0; i<numNewMessages; i++) {\n \/\/ Chat id of the requester\n String chat_id = String(bot.messages[i].chat_id);\n if (chat_id != CHAT_ID){\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Unauthorized user", "");\n continue;\n }\n \n \/\/ Print the received message\n String text = bot.messages[i].text;\n Serial.println(text);\n\n String from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;\n\n if (text == "\/start") {\n String welcome = "Welcome, " + from_name + ".\\n";\n welcome += "Use the following commands to control your outputs.\\n\\n";\n welcome += "\/led_on to turn GPIO ON \\n";\n welcome += "\/led_off to turn GPIO OFF \\n";\n welcome += "\/state to request current GPIO state \\n";\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome, "");\n }\n\n if (text == "\/led_on") {\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "LED state set to ON", "");\n ledState = HIGH;\n digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);\n }\n \n if (text == "\/led_off") {\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "LED state set to OFF", "");\n ledState = LOW;\n digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);\n }\n \n if (text == "\/state") {\n if (digitalRead(ledPin)){\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "LED is ON", "");\n }\n else{\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "LED is OFF", "");\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nvoid setup() {\n Serial.begin(115200);\n\n #ifdef ESP8266\n configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org"); \/\/ get UTC time via NTP\n client.setTrustAnchors(&cert); \/\/ Add root certificate for api.telegram.org\n #endif\n\n pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);\n digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);\n \n \/\/ Connect to Wi-Fi\n WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);\n WiFi.begin(ssid, password);\n #ifdef ESP32\n client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT); \/\/ Add root certificate for api.telegram.org\n #endif\n while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {\n delay(1000);\n Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi..");\n }\n \/\/ Print ESP32 Local IP Address\n Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n if (millis() > lastTimeBotRan + botRequestDelay) {\n int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);\n\n while(numNewMessages) {\n Serial.println("got response");\n handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);\n numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);\n }\n lastTimeBotRan = millis();\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\tHow the Code Works<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
#ifdef ESP32\n #include <WiFi.h>\n#else\n #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>\n#endif\n#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>\n#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>\n#include <ArduinoJson.h><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nNetwork Credentials<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
const char* ssid = \"REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID\";\nconst char* password = \"REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD\";<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nDefine Output<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
const int ledPin = 2;\nbool ledState = LOW;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nTelegram Bot Token<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#define BOTtoken \"XXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX\" \/\/ your Bot Token (Get from Botfather)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nTelegram User ID<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
#define CHAT_ID \"XXXXXXXXXX\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nWiFiClientSecure client;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nUniversalTelegramBot bot(BOTtoken, client);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nint botRequestDelay = 1000;\nunsigned long lastTimeBotRan;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nhandleNewMessages()<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
void handleNewMessages(int numNewMessages) {\n Serial.println(\"handleNewMessages\");\n Serial.println(String(numNewMessages));<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nfor (int i=0; i<numNewMessages; i++) {<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nString chat_id = String(bot.messages[i].chat_id);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nif (chat_id != CHAT_ID) {\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, \"Unauthorized user\", \"\");\n continue;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nString text = bot.messages[i].text;\nSerial.println(text);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nString from_name = bot.messages[i].from_name;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nif (text == \"\/start\") {\n String welcome = \"Welcome, \" + from_name + \".\\n\";\n welcome += \"Use the following commands to control your outputs.\\n\\n\";\n welcome += \"\/led_on to turn GPIO ON \\n\";\n welcome += \"\/led_off to turn GPIO OFF \\n\";\n welcome += \"\/state to request current GPIO state \\n\";\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome, \"\");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nbool sendMessage(String chat_id, String text, String parse_mode = \"\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nbot.sendMessage(chat_id, welcome, \"\");<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nif (text == \"\/led_on\") {\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, \"LED state set to ON\", \"\");\n ledState = HIGH;\n digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nif (text == \"\/led_off\") {\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, \"LED state set to OFF\", \"\");\n ledState = LOW;\n digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nif (text == \"\/state\") {\n if (digitalRead(ledPin)){\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, \"LED is ON\", \"\");\n }\n else{\n bot.sendMessage(chat_id, \"LED is OFF\", \"\");\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsetup()<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Serial.begin(115200);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n#ifdef ESP8266\n client.setInsecure();\n#endif<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\npinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);\ndigitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nInit Wi-Fi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);\nWiFi.begin(ssid, password);\nwhile (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {\n delay(1000);\n Serial.println(\"Connecting to WiFi..\");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nloop()<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
void loop() {\n if (millis() > lastTimeBotRan + botRequestDelay) {\n int numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);\n\n while(numNewMessages) {\n Serial.println(\"got response\");\n handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);\n numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);\n }\n lastTimeBotRan = millis();\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nwhile(numNewMessages) {\n Serial.println(\"got response\");\n handleNewMessages(numNewMessages);\n numNewMessages = bot.getUpdates(bot.last_message_received + 1);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nDemonstration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
![\"Control](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Control-ESP32-ESP8266-Outputs-Telegram.png?resize=352%2C708&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"ESP32](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ESP32-board-Built_in-LED-turned-on-HIGH.jpg?resize=750%2C422&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"Control](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Control-ESP32-ESP8266-Outputs-Telegram-1.png?resize=669%2C435&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"Control](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Control-ESP32-ESP8266-Outputs-Telegram-Unauthorized-User.png?resize=352%2C711&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nWrapping Up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n