![\"Install](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Mosquitto-MQTT-Broker-Rpi.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nUpdated 10 June 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n You can also run Mosquitto MQTT broker in the cloud. Running the MQTT Mosquitto Broker in the cloud allows you to connect several ESP32\/ESP8266 boards and other IoT devices from anywhere using different networks as long as they have an Internet connection. Check the tutorial below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n MQTT stands for M<\/strong>essage Q<\/strong>ueuing T<\/strong>elemetry T<\/strong>ransport. MQTT is a simple messaging protocol, designed for constrained devices with low bandwidth. So, it\u2019s the perfect solution to exchange data between multiple IoT devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n MQTT communication works as a publish <\/em>and subscribe <\/em>system. Devices publish <\/em>messages on a specific topic. All devices that are subscribed <\/em>to that topic receive the message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The MQTT broker<\/strong> is responsible for receiving<\/strong> all messages, filtering<\/strong> the messages, deciding<\/strong> who is interested in them, and then publishing<\/strong> the message to all subscribed clients.<\/p>\n\n\n There are several brokers you can use. In home automation projects, we use the Mosquitto Broker<\/a><\/strong> installed on a Raspberry Pi. <\/p>\n\n\n You can also install the Mosquitto broker on your PC (which is not as convenient as using a Raspberry Pi board, because you have to keep your computer running all the time to keep the MQTT connection between your devices alive).<\/p>\n\n\n\n For a more detailed explanation of MQTT communication, check out this article: What is MQTT and How It Works<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Before continuing with this tutorial<\/p>\n\n\n\n You can use the preceding links or go directly to MakerAdvisor.com\/tools<\/a> to find all the parts for your projects at the best price!<\/p> If you like home automation and you want to build a complete home automation system, I recommend downloading my home automation course<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After having your Raspberry Pi board prepared with Raspberry Pi OS, you can continue with this tutorial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Let\u2019s install the Mosquitto Broker<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1)<\/strong> Open a new Raspberry Pi terminal window. If you’re running your Raspberry Pi headless, check this tutorial to learn how to establish an SSH connection between your computer and the Raspberry Pi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n 2)<\/strong> Run the following command to upgrade and update your system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3)<\/strong> Press Y<\/strong> and Enter<\/strong>. It will take some time to update and upgrade (in my case, it took approximately 10 minutes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4)<\/strong> To install the Mosquitto Broker enter these next commands:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5)<\/strong> To make Mosquitto auto start when the Raspberry Pi boots, you need to run the following command (this means that the Mosquitto broker will automatically start when the Raspberry Pi starts):<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6)<\/strong> Now, test the installation by running the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n This returns the Mosquitto version that is currently running in your Raspberry Pi. It will be 2.0.11 or above.<\/p>\n\n\n It will prompt the following message: “Starting in local only mode. Connections will only be possible from clients running on this machine. Create a configuration file which defines a listener to allow remote access<\/em>.” <\/p>\n\n\n\n This means that by default, you can\u2019t communicate with the Mosquitto broker from another device (other than your Raspberry Pi). This is applicable for Mosquitto version 2. More information about this topic on the Mosquitto documentation<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n “In Mosquitto 2.0 and up, you must choose your authentication options explicitly before clients can connect. In earlier versions, the default is to allow clients to connect without authentication.<\/em>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n To enable remote access so that we can communicate with other IoT devices, we need to edit\/create a configuration file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In this tutorial, we’ll cover:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Choose the section that is more suitable for your scenario. We also recommend taking a look at the documentation<\/a> for more details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1)<\/strong> Run the following command to open the mosquitto.conf<\/span> file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2)<\/strong> Move to the end of the file using the arrow keys and paste the following two lines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n You can add a user\/password authentication to your MQTT broker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1)<\/strong> Run the following command, but replace YOUR_USERNAME<\/span> with the username you want to use:<\/p>\n\n\n\n I\u2019ll be using the MQTT user sara<\/span>, so I run the command as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n When you run the preceding command with the desired username, you\u2019ll be asked to enter a password. No characters will be displayed while you enter the password. Enter the password and memorize the user\/pass combination, you\u2019ll need it later<\/strong> in your projects to make a connection with the broker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This previous command creates a password file called passwd<\/span> on the \/etc\/mosquitto<\/span> directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Now, we need to edit the mosquitto configuration file so that it only allows authentication with the username and password we’ve defined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2)<\/strong> Run the following command to edit the configuration file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3)<\/strong> Add the following line at the top of the file (make sure it is at the top of the file, otherwise it won’t work):<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4)<\/strong> Add the following three lines to allow connection for authenticated users and tell Mosquitto where the username\/password file is located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Your configuration file will look as follows (the new lines are in bold):<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5)<\/strong> Press CTRL-X<\/strong>, then Y<\/strong>, and finally press Enter<\/strong> to exit and save the changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6)<\/strong> Restart Mosquitto for the changes to take effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To check if Mosquitto is actually running, you can run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Now, you have authentication with username and password enabled. Remember that everytime you want to communicate with the broker, you’ll need to provide the username and password.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To add more users to an existing password file, or to change the password for an existing user, leave out the -c<\/span> argument:<\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, if I want to change the password for the sara<\/span> user and taking into account that the password file we created was called passwd<\/span>, the command will be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n To use Mosquitto broker later in your projects, you’ll need to know the Raspberry Pi IP address. To retrieve your Raspberry Pi IP address, type the next command in your Pi Terminal window:<\/p>\n\n\n\n In our case, the Raspberry Pi IP address is 192.168.1.144<\/strong>. Save your Raspberry Pi IP address because you’ll need it in future projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After installing the Mosquitto broker, you should test your installation. You can follow the next tutorial:<\/p>\n\n\n\n An MQTT broker is essential if you want to use the MQTT protocol in IoT projects. The MQTT broker receives all MQTT messages and forwards them to all subscribed clients. In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to install the Mosquitto broker on a Raspberry Pi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Like home automation? Learn more about Node-RED, Raspberry Pi, ESP8266, and Arduino with my course: Build a Home Automation System for $100<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do you have any questions? <\/strong>Leave a comment down below!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Thanks for reading. If you like this post probably you might like my next ones, so please support me by subscribing to my blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Updated June 10, 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In this post explains how to install the Mosquitto Broker on a Raspberry Pi. The broker is primarily responsible for receiving all messages, filtering the messages, decide who is interested in it and then publishing the message to all subscribed clients. <\/p>\n\n
What is an MQTT Broker?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"mqtt-broker\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/mqtt_broker.png?resize=750%2C303&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Eclipse-Mosquitto-logo.png?resize=200%2C197&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\"){kind=logo}
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nPrerequisites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n
![](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/header-200.png?w=1200&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nInstalling Mosquitto Broker on Raspberry Pi OS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/raspberry-pi-terminal-window.png?resize=573%2C146&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nsudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\ns<\/strong><\/em>udo apt install -y mosquitto mosquitto-clients<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsudo systemctl enable mosquitto.service<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nmosquitto -v<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n![\"Installing](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Mosquitto-check-installed-version.png?resize=661%2C418&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nEnable Remote Access\/ Authentication<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Mosquitto Broker Enable Remote Access (No Authentication)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/etc\/mosquitto\/mosquitto.conf<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nlistener 1883<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nallow_anonymous true<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n![\"Mosquitto](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/mosquitto-configuration-file.png?resize=661%2C418&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
3)<\/strong> Then, press CTRL-X<\/strong> to exit and save the file. Press Y<\/strong> and Enter<\/strong>.
4)<\/strong> Restart Mosquitto for the changes to take effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\nsudo systemctl restart mosquitto<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nMosquitto Broker Enable Remote Access (Authentication: user and password)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
sudo mosquitto_passwd -c \/etc\/mosquitto\/passwd YOUR_USERNAME<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsudo mosquitto_passwd -c \/etc\/mosquitto\/passwd sara<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsudo nano \/etc\/mosquitto\/mosquitto.conf<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nper_listener_settings true<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nallow_anonymous false\nlistener 1883\npassword_file \/etc\/mosquitto\/passwd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n# Place your local configuration in \/etc\/mosquitto\/conf.d\/\n#\n# A full description of the configuration file is at\n# \/usr\/share\/doc\/mosquitto\/examples\/mosquitto.conf.example\n\nper_listener_settings true\n<\/strong>\npid_file \/run\/mosquitto\/mosquitto.pid\n\npersistence true\npersistence_location \/var\/lib\/mosquitto\/\n\nlog_dest file \/var\/log\/mosquitto\/mosquitto.log\n\ninclude_dir \/etc\/mosquitto\/conf.d\nallow_anonymous false \nlistener 1883 \npassword_file \/etc\/mosquitto\/passwd<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n![\"Mosquitto](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Mosquitto-broker-config-file-authentication-user-pass.png?resize=661%2C418&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nsudo systemctl restart mosquitto<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsudo systemctl status mosquitto<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nAdd More Users\/Change Password<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
mosquitto_passwd <password file> <username><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nsudo mosquitto_passwd \/etc\/mosquitto\/passwd sara<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nRaspberry Pi IP Address<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
hostname -I<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/raspberr-pi-ip-address.png?resize=542%2C146&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nTesting Mosquitto Broker and MQTT Client<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Wrapping Up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n