![\"ESP-NOW](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ESP-NOW-Web-Server-auto-pairing.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nThis tutorial is an improvement of the following: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- ESP32: ESP-NOW Web Server Sensor Dashboard (ESP-NOW + Wi-Fi)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
The new version includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Two-way communication between the server and the slaves;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Auto-pairing peers\u2014you don’t need to know any of the boards’ MAC addresses. You don’t need to add peers manually. You just need to run the codes provided and the boards will be automatically added to the ESP-NOW network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
The improvements were suggested by one of our readers (Jean-Claude Servaye<\/strong>). You can find the original codes on his GitHub page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If you’re new to ESP-NOW, we recommend getting familiar with ESP-NOW concepts and functions first. Check the following getting started guides:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Getting Started with ESP-NOW (ESP32 with Arduino IDE)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Getting Started with ESP-NOW (ESP8266 NodeMCU with Arduino IDE)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- ESP-NOW Two-Way Communication Between ESP32 Boards<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- ESP-NOW Two-Way Communication Between ESP8266 NodeMCU Boards<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Using ESP-NOW and Wi-Fi (Web Server) Simultaneously<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
There are a few things you need to take into account if you want to use Wi-Fi to host a web server and use ESP-NOW simultaneously to receive sensor readings from other boards:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"ESP-NOW](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ESP-NOW-With-Wi-Fi-Web-Server-How-It-Works.png?resize=902%2C865&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n- \n
- The ESP32\/ESP8266 sender boards must use the same Wi-Fi channel<\/strong> as the receiver board (server).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The Wi-Fi channel of the receiver board is automatically assigned by your Wi-Fi router.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The Wi-Fi mode of the receiver board must be access point and station (WIFI_AP_STA<\/span>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- You can set up the same Wi-Fi channel manually, but we’ll do it automatically. The sender will try different Wi-Fi channels until it gets a response from the server.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Project Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Here’s a quick overview of the example we’ll build:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"ESP-NOW](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ESP-NOW-Web-Server-Example.png?resize=750%2C421&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n- \n
- There are two ESP sender boards (ESP32 or ESP8266) that send readings*<\/strong> via ESP-NOW to one ESP32 receiver board (ESP-NOW many to one configuration<\/a>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The receiver board receives the packets and displays the readings on a web page;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The web page is updated automatically every time it receives a new reading using Server-Sent Events (SSE);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The receiver also sends data to the sender\u2014this is to illustrate how to establish bidirectional communication. As an example, we’ll send arbitrary values, but you can easily replace them with sensor readings or any other data like threshold values, or commands to turn on\/off GPIOs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
*<\/strong>we’ll send arbitrary temperature and humidity values\u2014we won’t use an actual sensor. After testing the project and checking that everything is working as expected you can use a sensor of your choice (it doesn’t have to be temperature or humidity).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Auto-Pairing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Here’s how the auto-pairing with peers (sender(server)\/slave boards) works:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"ESP-NOW](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ESP-NOW-auto-pairing-diagram.png?resize=750%2C428&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n- \n
- The peer sends a message of type PAIRING<\/span> to the server (1<\/strong>) using the broadcast MAC address ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff<\/span>. When you send data to this MAC address, all ESP-NOW devices receive the message. For the server to receive the message, they need to communicate on the same Wi-Fi channel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- If the peer doesn’t receive a message from the server, it tries to send the same message on a different Wi-Fi channel. It repeats the process until it gets a message from the server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The server receives the message and the address of the peer (2<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The server adds the address of the peer to his peer list (3<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The server replies to the peer with a message of type PAIRING<\/span> with its information (MAC address and channel) (4<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The peer receives the message and the WiFi.macAddress<\/span> of the server (5<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The peer adds the received address of the server to his peer list (6<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The peer tries to send a message to the server address but it fails to transmit*.\n
- \n
- The peer adds the WiFi.softAPmacAddress<\/span> of the server to his peer list.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The peer sends a message to the server WiFi.softAPmacAddress<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The server receives the message from the peer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- They can now communicate bidirectionally (6<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
*ESP32 in WIFI_AP_STA<\/span> mode responds with its WiFi.macAddress<\/span> but it uses WiFi.softAPmacAddress<\/span> to receive from ESP8266 peer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
WiFi.softAPmacAddress<\/span> is created from WiFi.macAddress<\/span> by adding 1 to the last byte\u2014check the documentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prerequisites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Before proceeding with this project, make sure you check the following prerequisites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arduino IDE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
We\u2019ll program the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards using Arduino IDE, so before proceeding with this tutorial, make sure you have the ESP32 and ESP8266 boards installed in your Arduino IDE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Installing ESP32 Board in Arduino IDE (Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Installing ESP8266 Board in Arduino IDE (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Async Web Server Libraries<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
To build the web server you need to install the following libraries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- ESPAsyncWebServer<\/a> <\/li>\n\n\n\n
- AsyncTCP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
These libraries aren\u2019t available to install through the Arduino Library Manager, so you need to copy the library files to the Arduino Installation Libraries folder. Alternatively, in your Arduino IDE, you can go to Sketch <\/strong>> Include Library<\/strong> > Add .zip Library<\/strong> and select the libraries you\u2019ve just downloaded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arduino_JSON Library<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Our examples will use the ArduinoJSON library by Benoit Blanchon<\/a> version 7.0.4<\/strong>. You can install this library in the Arduino IDE Library Manager. Just go to Sketch <\/strong>> Include Library<\/strong> > Manage Libraries<\/strong> and search for the library name ArduinoJSON<\/span> as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n![\"Install](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/install-arduinojsonlibrary-arduino-ide-2.png?resize=749%2C514&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nParts Required<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
To test this project, you need at least three ESP boards. One ESP32 board to act as a server and two sender\/slave ESP boards that can be ESP32 or ESP8266.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- ESP32<\/a> (read Best ESP32 development boards<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- ESP8266 <\/a>(read Best ESP8266 development boards<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
ESP32 Server<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Here are the server features:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Pairs automatically with peers (other ESP-NOW boards);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Receives packets from peers;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hosts a web server to display the latest received packets;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Also sends data back to the other boards (bidirectional communication with peers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
ESP32 Server Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Upload the following code to your ESP32 board. This can receive data from multiple boards. However, the web page is just prepared to display data from two boards. You can easily modify the web page to accommodate more boards.<\/p>\n\n\n
\/*\r\n Rui Santos & Sara Santos - Random Nerd Tutorials\r\n Complete project details at https:\/\/RandomNerdTutorials.com\/esp-now-auto-pairing-esp32-esp8266\/\r\n Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files.\r\n The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\r\n Based on JC Servaye example: https:\/\/github.com\/Servayejc\/esp_now_web_server\/\r\n*\/\r\n#include <esp_now.h>\r\n#include <WiFi.h>\r\n#include <esp_wifi.h>\r\n#include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"\r\n#include "AsyncTCP.h"\r\n#include <ArduinoJson.h>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Replace with your network credentials (STATION)\r\nconst char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID";\r\nconst char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD";\r\n\r\nesp_now_peer_info_t slave;\r\nint chan; \r\n\r\nenum MessageType {PAIRING, DATA,};\r\nMessageType messageType;\r\n\r\nint counter = 0;\r\n\r\nuint8_t clientMacAddress[6];\r\n\r\n\/\/ Structure example to receive data\r\n\/\/ Must match the sender structure\r\ntypedef struct struct_message {\r\n uint8_t msgType;\r\n uint8_t id;\r\n float temp;\r\n float hum;\r\n unsigned int readingId;\r\n} struct_message;\r\n\r\ntypedef struct struct_pairing { \/\/ new structure for pairing\r\n uint8_t msgType;\r\n uint8_t id;\r\n uint8_t macAddr[6];\r\n uint8_t channel;\r\n} struct_pairing;\r\n\r\nstruct_message incomingReadings;\r\nstruct_message outgoingSetpoints;\r\nstruct_pairing pairingData;\r\n\r\nAsyncWebServer server(80);\r\nAsyncEventSource events("\/events");\r\n\r\nconst char index_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(\r\n<!DOCTYPE HTML><html>\r\n<head>\r\n <title>ESP-NOW DASHBOARD<\/title>\r\n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">\r\n <link rel="stylesheet" href="https:\/\/use.fontawesome.com\/releases\/v5.7.2\/css\/all.css" integrity="sha384-fnmOCqbTlWIlj8LyTjo7mOUStjsKC4pOpQbqyi7RrhN7udi9RwhKkMHpvLbHG9Sr" crossorigin="anonymous">\r\n <link rel="icon" href="data:,">\r\n <style>\r\n html {font-family: Arial; display: inline-block; text-align: center;}\r\n p { font-size: 1.2rem;}\r\n body { margin: 0;}\r\n .topnav { overflow: hidden; background-color: #2f4468; color: white; font-size: 1.7rem; }\r\n .content { padding: 20px; }\r\n .card { background-color: white; box-shadow: 2px 2px 12px 1px rgba(140,140,140,.5); }\r\n .cards { max-width: 700px; margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-gap: 2rem; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); }\r\n .reading { font-size: 2.8rem; }\r\n .packet { color: #bebebe; }\r\n .card.temperature { color: #fd7e14; }\r\n .card.humidity { color: #1b78e2; }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <div class="topnav">\r\n <h3>ESP-NOW DASHBOARD<\/h3>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class="content">\r\n <div class="cards">\r\n <div class="card temperature">\r\n <h4><i class="fas fa-thermometer-half"><\/i> BOARD #1 - TEMPERATURE<\/h4><p><span class="reading"><span id="t1"><\/span> °C<\/span><\/p><p class="packet">Reading ID: <span id="rt1"><\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class="card humidity">\r\n <h4><i class="fas fa-tint"><\/i> BOARD #1 - HUMIDITY<\/h4><p><span class="reading"><span id="h1"><\/span> %<\/span><\/p><p class="packet">Reading ID: <span id="rh1"><\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class="card temperature">\r\n <h4><i class="fas fa-thermometer-half"><\/i> BOARD #2 - TEMPERATURE<\/h4><p><span class="reading"><span id="t2"><\/span> °C<\/span><\/p><p class="packet">Reading ID: <span id="rt2"><\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class="card humidity">\r\n <h4><i class="fas fa-tint"><\/i> BOARD #2 - HUMIDITY<\/h4><p><span class="reading"><span id="h2"><\/span> %<\/span><\/p><p class="packet">Reading ID: <span id="rh2"><\/span><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<script>\r\nif (!!window.EventSource) {\r\n var source = new EventSource('\/events');\r\n \r\n source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {\r\n console.log("Events Connected");\r\n }, false);\r\n source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {\r\n if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {\r\n console.log("Events Disconnected");\r\n }\r\n }, false);\r\n \r\n source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {\r\n console.log("message", e.data);\r\n }, false);\r\n \r\n source.addEventListener('new_readings', function(e) {\r\n console.log("new_readings", e.data);\r\n var obj = JSON.parse(e.data);\r\n document.getElementById("t"+obj.id).innerHTML = obj.temperature.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById("h"+obj.id).innerHTML = obj.humidity.toFixed(2);\r\n document.getElementById("rt"+obj.id).innerHTML = obj.readingId;\r\n document.getElementById("rh"+obj.id).innerHTML = obj.readingId;\r\n }, false);\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>)rawliteral";\r\n\r\nvoid readMacAddress(){\r\n uint8_t baseMac[6];\r\n esp_err_t ret = esp_wifi_get_mac(WIFI_IF_STA, baseMac);\r\n if (ret == ESP_OK) {\r\n Serial.printf("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\\n",\r\n baseMac[0], baseMac[1], baseMac[2],\r\n baseMac[3], baseMac[4], baseMac[5]);\r\n } else {\r\n Serial.println("Failed to read MAC address");\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid readDataToSend() {\r\n outgoingSetpoints.msgType = DATA;\r\n outgoingSetpoints.id = 0;\r\n outgoingSetpoints.temp = random(0, 40);\r\n outgoingSetpoints.hum = random(0, 100);\r\n outgoingSetpoints.readingId = counter++;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ ---------------------------- esp_ now -------------------------\r\nvoid printMAC(const uint8_t * mac_addr){\r\n char macStr[18];\r\n snprintf(macStr, sizeof(macStr), "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",\r\n mac_addr[0], mac_addr[1], mac_addr[2], mac_addr[3], mac_addr[4], mac_addr[5]);\r\n Serial.print(macStr);\r\n}\r\n\r\nbool addPeer(const uint8_t *peer_addr) { \/\/ add pairing\r\n memset(&slave, 0, sizeof(slave));\r\n const esp_now_peer_info_t *peer = &slave;\r\n memcpy(slave.peer_addr, peer_addr, 6);\r\n \r\n slave.channel = chan; \/\/ pick a channel\r\n slave.encrypt = 0; \/\/ no encryption\r\n \/\/ check if the peer exists\r\n bool exists = esp_now_is_peer_exist(slave.peer_addr);\r\n if (exists) {\r\n \/\/ Slave already paired.\r\n Serial.println("Already Paired");\r\n return true;\r\n }\r\n else {\r\n esp_err_t addStatus = esp_now_add_peer(peer);\r\n if (addStatus == ESP_OK) {\r\n \/\/ Pair success\r\n Serial.println("Pair success");\r\n return true;\r\n }\r\n else \r\n {\r\n Serial.println("Pair failed");\r\n return false;\r\n }\r\n }\r\n} \r\n\r\n\/\/ callback when data is sent\r\nvoid OnDataSent(const uint8_t *mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status) {\r\n Serial.print("Last Packet Send Status: ");\r\n Serial.print(status == ESP_NOW_SEND_SUCCESS ? "Delivery Success to " : "Delivery Fail to ");\r\n printMAC(mac_addr);\r\n Serial.println();\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid OnDataRecv(const uint8_t * mac_addr, const uint8_t *incomingData, int len) { \r\n Serial.print(len);\r\n Serial.println(" bytes of new data received.");\r\n StaticJsonDocument<1000> root;\r\n String payload;\r\n uint8_t type = incomingData[0]; \/\/ first message byte is the type of message \r\n switch (type) {\r\n case DATA : \/\/ the message is data type\r\n memcpy(&incomingReadings, incomingData, sizeof(incomingReadings));\r\n \/\/ create a JSON document with received data and send it by event to the web page\r\n root["id"] = incomingReadings.id;\r\n root["temperature"] = incomingReadings.temp;\r\n root["humidity"] = incomingReadings.hum;\r\n root["readingId"] = String(incomingReadings.readingId);\r\n serializeJson(root, payload);\r\n Serial.print("event send :");\r\n serializeJson(root, Serial);\r\n events.send(payload.c_str(), "new_readings", millis());\r\n Serial.println();\r\n break;\r\n \r\n case PAIRING: \/\/ the message is a pairing request \r\n memcpy(&pairingData, incomingData, sizeof(pairingData));\r\n Serial.println(pairingData.msgType);\r\n Serial.println(pairingData.id);\r\n Serial.print("Pairing request from MAC Address: ");\r\n printMAC(pairingData.macAddr);\r\n Serial.print(" on channel ");\r\n Serial.println(pairingData.channel);\r\n\r\n clientMacAddress[0] = pairingData.macAddr[0];\r\n clientMacAddress[1] = pairingData.macAddr[1];\r\n clientMacAddress[2] = pairingData.macAddr[2];\r\n clientMacAddress[3] = pairingData.macAddr[3];\r\n clientMacAddress[4] = pairingData.macAddr[4];\r\n clientMacAddress[5] = pairingData.macAddr[5];\r\n\r\n if (pairingData.id > 0) { \/\/ do not replay to server itself\r\n if (pairingData.msgType == PAIRING) { \r\n pairingData.id = 0; \/\/ 0 is server\r\n \/\/ Server is in AP_STA mode: peers need to send data to server soft AP MAC address \r\n WiFi.softAPmacAddress(pairingData.macAddr);\r\n Serial.print("Pairing MAC Address: ");\r\n printMAC(clientMacAddress);\r\n pairingData.channel = chan;\r\n Serial.println(" send response");\r\n esp_err_t result = esp_now_send(clientMacAddress, (uint8_t *) &pairingData, sizeof(pairingData));\r\n addPeer(clientMacAddress);\r\n } \r\n } \r\n break; \r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid initESP_NOW(){\r\n \/\/ Init ESP-NOW\r\n if (esp_now_init() != ESP_OK) {\r\n Serial.println("Error initializing ESP-NOW");\r\n return;\r\n }\r\n esp_now_register_send_cb(OnDataSent);\r\n esp_now_register_recv_cb(esp_now_recv_cb_t(OnDataRecv));\r\n} \r\n\r\nvoid setup() {\r\n \/\/ Initialize Serial Monitor\r\n Serial.begin(115200);\r\n\r\n WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);\r\n WiFi.STA.begin();\r\n Serial.print("Server MAC Address: ");\r\n readMacAddress();\r\n\r\n \/\/ Set the device as a Station and Soft Access Point simultaneously\r\n WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);\r\n \/\/ Set device as a Wi-Fi Station\r\n WiFi.begin(ssid, password);\r\n while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {\r\n delay(1000);\r\n Serial.println("Setting as a Wi-Fi Station..");\r\n }\r\n\r\n Serial.print("Server SOFT AP MAC Address: ");\r\n Serial.println(WiFi.softAPmacAddress());\r\n\r\n chan = WiFi.channel();\r\n Serial.print("Station IP Address: ");\r\n Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());\r\n Serial.print("Wi-Fi Channel: ");\r\n Serial.println(WiFi.channel());\r\n\r\n initESP_NOW();\r\n \r\n \/\/ Start Web server\r\n server.on("\/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){\r\n request->send(200, "text\/html", index_html);\r\n });\r\n \r\n \/\/ Events \r\n events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client){\r\n if(client->lastId()){\r\n Serial.printf("Client reconnected! Last message ID that it got is: %u\\n", client->lastId());\r\n }\r\n \/\/ send event with message "hello!", id current millis\r\n \/\/ and set reconnect delay to 1 second\r\n client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 10000);\r\n });\r\n server.addHandler(&events);\r\n \/\/ start server\r\n server.begin();\r\n}\r\n\r\nvoid loop() {\r\n static unsigned long lastEventTime = millis();\r\n static const unsigned long EVENT_INTERVAL_MS = 5000;\r\n if ((millis() - lastEventTime) > EVENT_INTERVAL_MS) {\r\n events.send("ping", NULL, millis());\r\n lastEventTime = millis();\r\n readDataToSend();\r\n esp_now_send(NULL, (uint8_t *) &outgoingSetpoints, sizeof(outgoingSetpoints));\r\n }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\tView raw code<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
How the Code Works<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- ESP8266 <\/a>(read Best ESP8266 development boards<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- AsyncTCP<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- Installing ESP8266 Board in Arduino IDE (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- The peer sends a message to the server WiFi.softAPmacAddress<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Getting Started with ESP-NOW (ESP8266 NodeMCU with Arduino IDE)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Getting Started with ESP-NOW (ESP32 with Arduino IDE)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
![\"ESP32](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/randomnerdtutorials.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ESP32-Server-ESP-NOW-Protocol-Autopairing-Arduino-IDE-Serial-Demonstration.png?resize=832%2C267&quality=100&strip=all&ssl=1\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n